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This is But Why, a podcast for curious kids from Vermont Public. I'm Jane Lindholm. On this show, we take questions from curious kids all over the world, and we find answers. You guys ask the best questions, and they take us in some really interesting directions, so I feel lucky to get to talk with you and help you get answers to your questions because I get so many answers. I actually had a question of my own the other day. I was walking my dog, Wilson, in the woods when we came upon another dog named Dexter who lives in our neighborhood. Wilson and Dexter started running back and forth as fast as they could. Wilson would run in between trees, like waving in and out of trees that are really close together, and then around the back of another tree to see if Dexter could keep up with him. And when Dexter started to lose interest, Wilson would bark at him to do it again. Then Dexter decided he wanted to do something different, so he led Wilson over to a river, and they splashed around for a while before deciding to wrestle over a big stick. and then peeing in the same place multiple times. It sure looked to me like they were playing. But is that what they were doing? Do animals play? And is it just for fun like humans do? Wilson is three years old, so he's kind of moving from teenager status to young adult in the dog world. But he still acts very much like a puppy. So that made me wonder too, is play just for young animals, including humans? or do animals, including humans, play for their whole lives? Turns out I'm not the only one wondering about this. So we took your questions and mine to someone who spends a lot of time observing the behavior of many different animals.

My name is Marco Wendt. I'm the Wildlife Ambassador for San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance.

A wildlife ambassador? What is that?

Wildlife Ambassador is the coolest job. I get to talk about conservation projects all over the world, animals like an oxalotl to an elephant to a cassowary. But I also get to interact with a lot of fun wildlife and people who work in a zoo environment. So I could maybe communicate fun animal facts on a podcast like you and I are doing today. It could be social media. You can even find me at the Safari Park or San Diego Zoo, which I'm always running around having a fun adventure.

How often do you get to actually interact with or see the animals at the zoo?

Every single day, minus my weekends, even though I have animals at home. So technically I got animals all around me every single day. But one of my favorite things about working for a zoo organization is I get to go into the safari park or the San Diego Zoo before it even opens. So I get to hear the lion roaring in the morning or the smell of a gorilla or maybe a capybara, maybe farting in the water. You never know what you might hear.

What does a gorilla smell like?

A gorilla smells like if I were to go camping for maybe a month without showering, that's kind of what a gorilla smells like. I mean, I maybe get a little more specific. I'm really talking about the male gorillas are called the silverback or before that become a dominant gorilla. It's a blackback. So blackback, silverback. The technical smell that I'm smelling is testosterone, which is a hormone that helps with maybe growing muscle. And in this particular case, it helps gorilla boys start turning their fur silver in the back and getting these physical attributes. That's kind of a sign that I'm ready to start my own gorilla family. So that is gorilla smell.

Sounds kind of unpleasant, but I'm not going to lie. I still kind of want to smell a gorilla. Marco says when he was a kid, he spent a lot of time in nature with his family. Marco also grew up watching cartoons like Captain Planet, where the little kids had special powers to protect Earth. Those experiences helped inspire him to grow up to be someone who works to protect wildlife.

Being a wildlife ambassador, I do feel, and it's my own way of giving myself the energy, that I am a, I like to say, a little superhero, yeah, for wildlife and helping to connect people with this amazing blue planet.

Well, we're excited to talk to you. And what we wanted to focus on today is how and why and if animals play. And we have a lot of playful questions for you.

My name is Kayden, and I'm born from Netherlands, and I'm from Korea. And my question is, why do baby animals play? I am eight years old.

Kaden, I love that question. Why do baby animals play? My first answer to that is a question. It depends on what kind of animal. Animals will play for all sorts of reasons. The number one is for fun. There's evidence all over the world that animals play for fun. It could be maybe a dolphin blowing rings of air pockets in the water and going through them for fun. It could be maybe a crow that's been seen sliding down a rooftop of snow. No particular reason other than fun. But there's other what we call like very species specific reasons. And by that, I mean, there's a very specific reason why maybe a lion plays the way it does. Maybe versus a bird of prey like a hawk or maybe versus a goldfish. So, for instance, I could say a cheetah cub will play with its brothers and sisters by doing chase behavior. So it's almost like playing tag, right? So a brother will chase maybe a sister, chase it, and maybe with its little paws, hit the back legs, maybe trip its brother and sister. And it's a lot of fun. But that also is teaching that baby cheetah how to one day be an adult cheetah because it's a predator, and predators have to eat meat. So they have to take down another animal. And the best way to do that for a cheetah is tripping them, right? So it kind of depends. So all different animals have different reasons for play.

So some animals do play for fun, but a lot of them, when they're babies, they're learning behaviors that they're going to need or use as adults. Do adult animals play?

I would say all animal babies can play for fun. It's just sometimes there's other reasons also, right, why they play for fun. Adults also play for fun. In fact, a female cassowary. So this is a big bird that can't fly.

Cassowaries are these huge, majestic birds native to Northeast Australia and the surrounding islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Looks like a dinosaur.

Marco says at the San Diego Zoo, there was one particular cassowary who was really fun to watch.

Yara is her name, and Yara had a favorite kicking tree. So by that, I mean cassowaries to defend themselves. They have really strong legs and they can give a really strong kick. So Yara as a baby started practicing how to do that. But then it became kind of fun for us. So anytime, I don't know if you ever get the zoomies or you just kind of want to like run around with their hands up in the air, right? So cassowaries have their own version of that. And Yara would run around the habitat, jump up in the air and run to this palm tree and bam, bam, and they kick the palm tree. And that was kind of her fun way. So yes, I would say, and I can give you many examples, but there's lots of evidence of adult animals also playing for fun.

I'm picturing a cassowary doing parkour right now, like running around going, parkour, parkour.

I would love to see it. Totally. And it's such a cool bird that you can actually see in one of the areas that I work called the Safari Park. So I highly recommend seeing what a real-life dinosaur looks like. I would check out a cassowary.

I mean, if we're talking about what a real-life dinosaur looks like, all we really have to do is go look at some chickens. We Here at But Why actually just made a whole episode about how all birds are the direct descendants of dinosaurs. And we'll link to that episode in our show notes.

There is a small bird in South America called a tinamu. Looks very much like a chicken or maybe a quail-like bird. But there is evidence from their dentition in DNA that that is one of the closest living descendants of Tyrannosaurus rex. And think about while big Tyrannosaurus rex was, and now it's a little tiny bird. but it shows you how cool mother nature is, right? How things change all the time. It's one of the reasons why I love wildlife so much. You can never know everything and you can always be a student for life. So I think that's amazing. Yes, chickens, 100%.

I mean, it's also cool because you were saying that one of the ways that they know that this bird is closely related to T-Rexes or more closely than other animals is dentition. And dentition is studying the teeth. So even if you think there's no way that looks like a t-rex through things like your teeth or fossil records you can see how things change so even when when your eyes deceive you scientists are trying to find ways to think okay well it doesn't seem logical but the science is telling us this is a connection that's so cool

right no and there's so many bird-like animals at the time when we think of dinosaurs some through evolution or you know adapting your body as the time progresses on the planet So there was evidence of birds with beaks and teeth at one point, you know, which is crazy. think about, or maybe even dinosaurs with a little bit of feathers on them too. But it just shows how connected I think birds are to what we think of dinosaurs, right? So that's why I'm a huge fan of birds. I love all wildlife, but birds are number one in my book. All right. Well, we don't

know if dinosaurs played, but maybe that's a topic for another podcast. My name is Sweet. I live in

New York City. I'm four years old, and I want to know, why do pigs play into mud?

I am Isaiah from Nicklesville, Kentucky. I am five years old. My question is, why do pigs like to roll around in mud and why do they like mud so much and why do they never take baths hello i'm casper i live in south carolina i'm four years old why do pigs play into my lot

oh that's an awesome question so i mentioned earlier that pigs or animals play for a lot of different reasons and fun is definitely one of them and i've seen not only domesticated pigs and but domesticated, I mean, maybe you live in a farm and maybe your family has pigs. Those are domesticated pigs, right? And I've seen them wallow or play in the mud. I've also seen wild hog or pig-like species. Like for instance, I've seen a warthog, red river hog, which is from Africa, a babirusa, where they're from Asia. I've seen all these wild pig species play in the mud also. And it's a very unique reason why they also play in the mud. Now, if kids are listening right now, touch your forearm, touch your skin. Know how sensitive your skin is, right? I put on sunblock and I also put on lotion because my skin gets really dry sometimes and itchy. And also I don't want to get a sunburn. Sunburns are no good. So a pig has very similar skin, especially those domesticated pigs, like a farm pig. And so what they do is they play in the mud because it gives them a natural sunblock. Also, it helps them to soften their skin a little bit. And it also can protect them because i've seen elephants i know it's not a pig but also elephants i've seen wallow in mud for this very same reason mosquitoes nobody likes a mosquito bite so a lot of times rolling in the mud can also protect you from mosquito bites yeah who knew um that pigs could

get sunburned just like humans exactly right my name is may i live in phoenixville pennsylvania My favorite animal is an elephant, and my other favorite animal is a monkey. And how does elephants like to play in mud because they're getting hot in the sun, so they play in mud instead of water?

Why are they playing in the mud instead of the water if they're hot in the sun?

Ooh, that's a very awesome question, Mae. And I love elephants for all that play behavior in the mud and the water. the Safari Park here in San Diego, we have a brand new elephant habitat called Elephant Valley. And you can get close to elephants like never before. May, I could smell the elephants. I can see the eyelashes. And guess that day when I was there one day, it was a rainy day. And there was a big, there's a big giant pool, a watering hole for them to dive into, but there's also a mud wallow. And I talked to the elephant staff. And by that, I mean the humans that work alongside of the elephants we call them wildlife care specialists or for around the world they're known as zookeepers so i'm going to say zookeeper for right now so the elephant zookeepers are telling me that a lot of times the elephants prefer the mud over the water because of all the reasons i gave for the pigs the elephants love that too i mean yes going in the water is a lot of fun it can cool you off on a hot sunny day mud can also cool you off on a hot sunny day but it also provides sunblock it also provides protection from insect bites and it's also an exfoliant which i never knew but the elephant herd at our safari park one of their favorite things every day sunny day cold day doesn't matter they like to wallow and i like to play in the mud and they get very special mud that's very similar to the kind of soil from africa as an example and this mud will dry. And once it dries, you know what, May? They actually scratch on the branches and they scratch. I've seen an elephant butt being scratched on a rock and exfoliate. So by that, I mean, it helps break up the dead skin. You know, maybe I may buy a facial for my mom and she gets a mud mask and it costs a lot of money, but elephants can do it for free. And so that's one of the main

reasons. Avery in Lakeville, Minnesota has a question about an animal that I'm wondering if maybe Avery has this animal at home and has been able to observe the behavior.

I live in Lakeville, Minnesota. I'm five.

Five years old. My question is, why do hamsters like to play?

Ooh, Avery, I love this question. You know, I had a pair of hamsters when I was a kid, and it's for the same reasons that I mentioned before. We're always going to assume play is fun, right? So hamsters, of course, have fun play behavior also. But there's something very unique about hamsters. They're part of a family like other rodents, the rodent family, right? So I'm thinking about maybe a guinea pig. I'm thinking of a hamster. I'm thinking of a rat or even a porcupine or a beaver. I'm thinking of a capybara. Capybara. Boy, imagine having one of those in your house. Much bigger. Right. Way bigger. I know that's a very big rodent in your house. But with your hamsters, you know, the number one thing that I can say personally, in my experience, knowing different types of rodents is they also have social structures as well. So sometimes a hamster to adult hamsters, I'm not talking about baby hamsters, sometimes adult hamsters might show some play behavior, and it could be fun. But part of it could also be part of dominance, showing that one's maybe more of a leader than the other. Because those animals, they're social. And by social, I mean, they spend a lot of time with other individuals of the same species. In this case, we're talking about hamsters, right? So maybe a cassowary that's solitary, by that I mean they spend their time by themselves, doesn't necessarily have to do play behavior to set dominance. But a hamster, there's a lot more social dynamics, right? So they have a lot more individuals in their family group that they have to navigate. So that would be my number one guess why adult hamsters would do some play behavior. When animals are doing different

behaviors, do you have a way to tell if they are playing or if they're doing something for another reason? I mean, is it just observation or can you tell if an animal is having fun?

Yeah, I think it is observation number one. But what I always tell people is that every single animal on the planet communicates. We just have to learn how to listen. And not every animal communicates in the same way, just like human beings. Maybe some people communicate with their hands and some people communicate with their voice and that's okay. It's just how you communicate. So I would say I'm giving you a zookeeper tip. If you want to do observations like a zookeeper for me, because I work with so many different kinds of animals, and sometimes I don't know anything about maybe a rhinoceros hornbill. So then I have to study about the rhinoceros hornbill because that's very specific behaviors for that bird versus maybe a domestic pig versus an elephant, right? So I would say, number one, let's say you're brand new to a hamster. Learn about the hamster's history, where they're from, how do they interact with each other, how they eat, their social dynamics, if they have them. And then you can apply your observation skills, watching them, and try to determine what those behaviors are. And what play can be, it can look differently for one animal versus another, as an example. One other example I can give you is I've seen young peregrine falcons, which are a bird that can fly and hunt other birds, are the fastest animal on the planet. And I've seen one chase another one and grab its tail. And a buddy of mine, a friend, told me, oh, no, that falcon's being mean to the other falcon. And I told them, no, falcons hunt other birds and they have to practice chasing. So these young falcons are practicing hunting by chasing its sister and grabbing the tail of the sister. Maybe if I didn't know the behavior or the background of the peregrine falcon, I would not think of it as play. I think of it as maybe being mean or aggressive, but that's what my point means is that you have to learn about the animal first, right? And then apply your observation.

Yeah. I mean, you can do that even if you have like a dog or a cat at home too, right? Like, sometimes my dog plays with other dogs, and they're barking, and they have their teeth out, and one of the dogs is drooling, and it can look very aggressive. But I know they're friends, and as soon as we say, come on, guys, then they keep coming along and walking and having fun. And you can start to tell the difference between when your dog is having fun with another dog or what its behavior is when it's maybe not having fun. like the way its ears might be up and just alert if it's having fun and back if it's not having fun. So you can start to see those observations over time can give you a lot of insight into the animals, whether they're wild animals or the animals that you live with. Marco, do animals

have friends? Animals do have friends. And I want to begin by saying is there's many instances where We want to put human behavior and relationships onto animal behaviors and relationships. So by that, I mean, kids, that maybe the way you look at your best friend is not maybe the same way an orangutan may look at their best friend. It just depends on the scenario. I'm not saying that they don't have friendships, but we know.

I know a lot about wildlife, but I can tell you that I don't know specifically if maybe, for instance, I'm going to go back to the elephant herd. We have the elephant herd and different individuals have different relationships with each other. Sometimes one elephant that is maybe the lowest of the ladder of power. So by that, I mean there's the dominant female, the matriarch, the abuelita, the leader of the herd. And then there's different leaders that go down in order. And sometimes the one who's at the very bottom, who has a very important role too, might become the best friend of the daughter of the leader. Because if I do that, then maybe I get some better yummies or some extra snacks. So by that scenario, I mean that there could be different reasons why animals also have friendships. But I do believe in my heart of hearts that they probably have friendships just like we do. But maybe we don't see them in the same way as maybe an elephant or a crocodile would, right? It just depends on the animal.

Are there any other examples of animal play or animals playing that you think would be cool for us to know about?

There's one that I saw recently that wasn't even at the zoo or the safari park, and it was bumblebees. I actually never knew that there's studies and research that shows that bumblebees also like to play. But what I love about it is we also have what's called the entomology team or the insect team at the San Diego Zoo. And I talked to them about this before and they told me that, yes, they've also seen play behavior in bumblebees as well. And that just blew my mind. And that just shows you how special our planet is that we have animals like elephants and bumblebees and reptiles and birds that can also show play behavior. And I think that's really, really cool. So that one for me blew my mind. And I just recently learned that one too. So I thought that was epic.

You know, I actually spend a lot of time looking at bumblebees in my own yard. so now I'm going to have to go out and see if I can observe them doing anything that looks like play. Maybe you'll do that, too. Coming up, we ask Marco why some animals live in a zoo, and also what happens in the zoo at night. This is But Why. I'm Jane Lindholm. Today, I'm with Marco Wendt, Wildlife Ambassador for the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. Since we have him, we wanted to pose a few other questions you've sent us that he is really well positioned to answer. Questions about zoos.

My name is Celeste, and I'm seven years old. I live in Massachusetts. Is it good for an animal to live in a zoo?

Oh, I love that question. You know, what I always tell people is if I could say that all wildlife, all animals, all plants could be safe and protected and happy on our planet, I would quit my job right now. But, you know, the reality of the world is that we need special spaces. Sometimes I call them sanctuaries or homes, right? Where wildlife can be protected because it's sad to say, but there's places in our planet where there's habitat being destroyed, where animals are being taken from their families through wildlife trafficking, which is super sad. There's other reasons that disease that things that are affecting wildlife in so many different ways. And we as human beings, we're a very unique animal, right? And we have grown, our population is getting really big on this planet. So what makes me so happy to represent a zoo or an aquarium is the conservation work that we do. So there's a lot of work that we do in our zoo that can help out also wild animals. So I mentioned elephants. So I want to keep with elephants just to give you an example. So elephants are thriving at Safari Park because it's a little sad story, but I'm going to share with all of you this story. So I mentioned, remember the word matriarch means like the leader of the herd. Now our matriarch, her name is Swazi. Now Swazi and her friends, because they weren't sisters in Dula and Umgani, those three adult elephants lived in a place in South Africa that was protected land and it was limited space. And unfortunately the space got so crowded with other endangered animals that the people working in that area had to make a really tough choice that we, we can't save and protect all these elephants in our space. We don't know what to do. So they gave us a call and we had space and we were able to give Swazi at home because unfortunately, without getting too sad about it, she wasn't going to survive living in that place in South Africa and her friends too, Umgani and Indula. So we were able, because being an accredited zoo, and by that I mean that we work with other zoos and aquariums in the world to make sure we have the right standards, the right rules, right, to take care of wildlife. And so Swazi, Indula, and Umgani have been living now at our safari park close to 30 years. They've had daughters and They're growing as a herd, and all that is going to help out the population of endangered elephants. And we're also learning things from our elephants here at the Safari Park, which is going to help out our partners and our friends out back in Africa. So that's just one small example of why animals do so well in zoo settings. And I also want to preface that we all want wildlife to thrive in the wild, and that's why we have zoos and aquariums right now.

Well, what you were saying about these elephants coming from South Africa all the way to San Diego leads us to Wilbur's question. Wilbur lives in Berlin, Germany, and is wondering, How do people transport zoo animals from one place to another?

There are specialists all over the world. You know, I've never worked in the Olympics before, but imagine all those humans that have to navigate other humans and move all the way around the world to different countries. And I'm sure there's all these rules and guidelines to do that. And it's kind of the same way with wildlife. But, you know, we are specialists in our own right, working with all sorts of animals. It could be a big elephant. It could be a giant panda. It could be a tarantula or a king cobra. You never really know. But we have our specialists that have these rules and protocols. So these, let's think of them like guidelines on how to safely move an animal from one place to the other. And maybe kids are thinking, well, why do I want to move an animal from one zoo to another? It kind of depends on the scenario. If you remember earlier, I talked about gorilla boys needing to leave their family troop. So at the Safari Park, as an example, we've had a situation where we have our family of troop of gorillas, one dominant male with females and their baby boys. The baby boys got big and eventually they got too big that they needed to move away from the troop. And that's what they do in the wild. So we had to move those animals to a different part of the safari park, and we call it the Bachelor Troop. And the Bachelor Troop is a mix of boys, not only of our park, but also the Bronx Zoo in New York. They moved three young male gorillas called blackbacks to the safari park, and now we have five bachelor or young gorilla males learning to be gorilla males. because that's really important for gorilla males to learn how to be a male for a gorilla to be around other males. And so we need to do that. So that's just one example of maybe a scenario where we might move one animal to the other. So it could be a physical move with maybe a vehicle, maybe for traveling across seas. We used a plane for a giant panda move from China to San Diego Zoo as an example. So it really depends. But there's a lot of people, a lot of professionals, a lot of guidelines that we follow to make sure everything is safe and secure.

Are you using the same kind of planes that humans fly in? I'm trying to picture a plane full of zoo animals, the giraffes up tall, being able to see down the aisle. And, you know, maybe the hippopotamus being like, I can't fit down this aisle to get to my seat.

I know, right? Maybe he wants more peanuts. I would love to be on that plane. But no, it's not usually like that. I can give you my personal examples where we have moved African vultures to a facility in the other parts of the United States using a non-human plane, more like for cargo, like a FedEx. But we have animal standards, so it's not being moved like a package, but we have our own rules and regulations. So sometimes it could be a plane like that with no human beings. But there are some times where we have used a plane and maybe moved the animal using that space, maybe a smaller animal. Once I had to move two California condors from our facility at Safari Park to be reintroduced in the wild in Mexico. And what we did then was myself and another colleague with two giant condor transport carriers in a teeny tiny little plane. And we flew from San Diego over Tijuana to the outskirts of Ensenada to a national park reserve and then in a vehicle up a mountain to get to the very top where those condors get to live and learn how to be wild condors, you know. So it kind of depends.

That's so cool. Okay, one more question for you. And this one is from Nora. And I'm curious, too, because when my kids were little, one of the favorite books we read at night was called Good Night Gorilla. And it was all about a zookeeper going around and saying goodnight to all of the animals. But the gorilla was a little bit sneaky and took the zookeeper's keys and let out all of the other animals. And then they all went home and got in bed with the zookeeper, who then realized when he said goodnight to his partner that all of the other animals said goodnight, too. And he was like, what? And he had to go put them back where they were supposed to be living. But anyway, to Nora's question. What happens at the zoo at night? What happens at the zoo at night?

Oh, Nora, I love the zoo at night and the safari park. It completely transforms. But, you know, one thing I do want to say, not all animals sleep at night. You know, so we have staff. We have zookeepers. We call them wildlife care specialists who are at the safari park or the zoo every day, every night. Now, some animals are what we call. I'm going to teach you some words, kids. So, right? These are fun words. So, my two favorite words right now to learn is diurnal. So, diurnal means I like to be up during the day like my husband. He loves to be up during the day, and the second the sun goes down, he gets sleepy, and I want to go to bed. So some animals are diurnal, right? Like a gorilla, as an example, is diurnal. But there's some animals that are nocturnal. I'm a little more nocturnal myself. And that, for nocturnal animals, you're up mostly at night, right? And you're sleeping during the day. So we have animals that are nocturnal. So for instance, everyone loves a sand cat at Safari Park called Newman. Newman, if you look up, have your parents look up sand cat. They're the cutest wild cat. They hunt snakes and scorpions in the deserts of the Middle East area. Now, Newman is really popular because every time the guests see him, he's sleeping, and he has a nice, cute little sleepy face. But I have been at the safari park at night, and I have seen Newman at nighttime because he's nocturnal, and he is stalking his habitat. He is pouncing. He's running. We've also learned that, for instance, rhinos and elephants feed not only through the day, but also at nighttime. So we have staff that specifically will feed certain animals at nighttime hours, like the rhino, as an example, or like our mountain lions also are nocturnal. So they get fed at nighttime to match their sleeping patterns, right? So it kind of depends,

I would say. That's so cool. And I like that your husband is diurnal and you're nocturnal. So I'll tell you what I am. And this is a word we learned in a recent episode about rabbits, but I am a crepuscular person. So I like dawn and dusk. That's when I feel most awake and active. So

that's one of my favorite vocabulary words. I love that word. One of my favorite crepuscular animals is a great horned owl. I mean, they're really, really great too. Sometimes people call them nocturnal, but I say they're crepuscular because that's generally where animals are either leaving for the night or coming in for the day, depending on the time. And those owls are kind

of waiting for a little snacky snack. Wow. I learned so many cool animal facts today. Before we let Marco go, he wanted to leave you with some encouragement.

As a little kid, I was watching cartoons of Captain Planet, and I wanted to be a superhero to protect the world. And you can do that right now. Don't leave it for the adults. And you know, all you need to do is learn about wildlife. If you can, visit your local zoo and aquarium and help support the good work that they do but just get inspired about mother nature go outside and maybe maybe feel the grass underneath your feet maybe feel the sun on your face and you too can be a superhero for wildlife so you have the power so i want to make sure that you know that because

you're super special thanks to marco went for sharing so many cool animal facts with us today marco actually co-hosts his own podcast it's a great show called amazing wildlife a san diego Zoo podcast. And he shares his work on social media using the handle or name Zoology Marco. That's it for today. As always, if you have a question about anything, have an adult record you asking it on a smartphone using an app like Voice Memos. Then have your adult email the file to questions at butwhykids.org. Don't forget to be in a quiet place if you can, and tell us your first name, where you live, and how old you are along with your question. But Why is produced by Sarah Bake, Melody Beaudet, and me, Jane Lindholm, at Vermont Public and distributed by PRX. Our video producer is Joey Palumbo, and our theme music is by Luke Reynolds. If you like our show, please have your adults help you give us a thumbs up or a review on whatever podcast platform you use to listen to us. It helps other kids and families find us. And if you're so inspired, we always appreciate donations because we're part of public media. If your family is looking for a way to contribute, you can always support But Why by going to butwhykids.org slash donate. We'll be back in two weeks with an all-new episode. Until then, stay curious. but why a podcast for curious kids is known for serious answers to silly questions sent in by kids just like you but did you know that but why is now a book series our first book our llama's ticklish answers questions from real kids about farm animals. This colorfully illustrated book is perfect for kids ages 8 to 10.

And our second book, Do Fish Breathe Underwater, explores the underwater world of the ocean. Learn more at butwhykids.org slash books. From PRX.