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Come and study the Holy Scriptures with us as Fr. Stephen DeYoung teaches verse-by-verse on the podcast The Whole Counsel of God. Fr. Stephen holds a Ph.D. in Biblical Studies, and is an Orthodox priest serving at Archangel Gabriel Orthodox Church in Lafayette, Louisiana.

Chapter 29. It continues. Now in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no service work. It shall be a signal day for you. You shall offer a Holborn offering as a sweet aroma to the Lord, one young bull from the oxen, one ram, and seven unblemished male lambs in their first year, with their grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each young bull, two-tenths for the one ram and one tenth for each of the seven male lambs and one young male from the goats as a sin offering to make atonement for you in addition to the holborn offerings for the first day of the month with their grain offerings and drink offerings and the regular holborn offerings with their grain offerings and drink offerings according to their interpretation as a sweet aroma to the lord that's uh the new year the feast of trumpets day one of the seventh month um so the seventh month is the new year yes because the first of months is the month month when passover falls because passover is the beginning of israel so they only have seven months a year no there's two there's two separate cycles so we still have this in the church right so we have a festal cycle that's based on pasca right passover still right because you have 50 days before that right but then you also have 50 days after that then you have pentecost right and then the sundays that we have first sunday second sunday third sunday after pentecost right so that kind of moves around with pasca but then we also have a cycle of feasts that occur on specific dates so for us new year in the church is september 1st which is when this falls too right that's where we get that being new year that's also in the tour right but so they number the months based on pasca but the yearly cycle of fixed feasts right so they talked about passover right and they talked about the harvest feast right and those two things now they're talking about starting with the new year they're starting with the fixed date feasts okay so it's the new

year feasts not the year right and the new year feasts start on the seventh month right and is

that that's why they start there because that's the new year in terms of the annual cycle of fixed feasts not related to passover which is going to move around in relation to those okay so the feasts

are fixed the passover who's around but this is all happening on the seventh month which is like the sabbath month right right so is there like this kind of creation thing yes yeah a whole bunch

of stuff gets connected to the the feast of trumpets right what we call rosh hashanah now which just means the head of the year the beginning of the year um in hebrew that oh that that's supposed to be the day that noah came out of the ark that's supposed to be the day of the beginning of creation that's the day when the davidic kings were coronated right like all of that was seen as being on that day so all of that significance was attached to that beginning of the year and it kind of

overlaps with the it's like an overlap with the two right yeah yeah yeah so is it just coincidence

that September as the seventh month, right? Because originally... Right, yeah.

That's why it's called September. Yeah. Or that October. Oh.

So this is the seventh month.

Yes. Right. On the old Julian Roman calendar. Yeah. So, something else to note. You notice how on several of these feasts and days they add in a goat for a sin offering, right? To make atonement. The reason I want to point that out is days when they're not doing that, when the goat isn't added, or days when the goat is added, they're killing all these other animals, right? Because, you know, they're going to eat them. They're not going to burn them alive. They're not going to eat them alive, right? like you have to kill something to prepare and eat it right but this again points to the fact that

The tight connection that some of our Protestant friends want to make between killing the animal and something to do with punishment for sin kind of breaks down when you get into the details of sacrifices, right? Because if killing the goat is the goat being punished for the sins of the people, then why are they killing all the other animals? Why aren't those other animals considered sin offerings? like you're at but you're adding the goat specifically for that meaning the other ones aren't specifically for that right like that whole idea breaks down very quickly when you read this and that's another place where it kind of falls apart on the 10th day of this of this seventh month you shall have a holy convocation you shall afflict your souls and you shall not do any work that's a little different right so You treat it as a Sabbath. All of the feast days, regardless of what day they fall on, are treated like the Sabbath. But this talks about afflicting their souls. Why would that be? Does anybody know what the 10th day of the 7th month is? Orthodox Study Bible really fell down by not labeling these and not even having any footnotes, for Pete's sake. That's the Day of Atonement. That's the Day of Atonement. That's why you afflict your souls on that day. Right? it's a day of repentance in particular that would be young and poor yeah and the match up for that on our calendar is September 14th the exaltation of the cross we have a feast of the cross in that spot you shall offer whole burnt offerings, burnt offerings as a sweet aroma to the Lord, one young bull from the oxen, one ram and seven male lambs in their first year be sure they are unblemished with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil three-tenths of an ephah for each young bull two-tenths for the one ram and one-tenth for each of the seven male lambs and one young male from the goats is a sin offering to make atonement for you in addition to the sin offering of atonement and the regular holborn offering that says make atonement in addition to the sin offering for atonement that's because it's referring to the goat from the two goats right on the day of atonement you have the two goats the one that's sent out in the wilderness and the one that sacrifices sacrifice notice only one of those two goats is mentioned in this list of sacrifice because the one that gets sent away is not sacrificed the other one the goat for yahweh gets sacrificed and gets mentioned here right but the other one is not a sacrifice according to the bible in addition to the sin offering of atonement the regular whole burn offering with its grain offering and drink offering according to the interpretation as a burn offering of sweet aroma to the Lord what does according to the interpretation mean that's referring you to Leviticus 16 of course they don't have a chapter

number yet that's saying that one goat is offered in a particular way on that particular day so see previous then the 15th day of the seventh month you shall have a holy convocation you shall do no service work and you shall keep a feast to the lord seven days you shall offer whole burnt offerings burnt offerings is a sweet aroma to the lord why is that so vague because that's not a separate that's sort of an epilogue to the day of atonement right because the day of atonement they do fasting and things and then you have the celebration afterwards yeah that's why it's so non-specific too in terms of sacrifices it's not a separate feast on the first day offer 13 young bulls from the oxen two rams and 14 male lambs in their first year they shall be unblemished with their grain offerings a fine flour mixed with oil three tenths of an ephah for each of the 13 bulls two tenths for each of the two rams and one tenth for each of the 14 male lambs and one young male kid from the goats is a sin offering in addition to the regular holborn offerings with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the second day you shall offer 12 young bulls two rams 14 unblemished male lambs their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the young bulls the rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats as a sin offering in addition to the regular holborn offering and with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the third day get ready for this it's fun and not repetitious at all on the third day you shall offer 11 bulls two rams 14 unblemished male lambs in their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the young bulls the rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats as a sin offering in addition to the regular holborn offerings with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the fourth day you shall offer 10 young bulls, 2 rams, and 14 unblemished male lambs in their first year. year with their grain offering and drink offerings for the young bulls and rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats as a sin offering in addition to the regular whole burn offering with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the fifth day you shall offer nine young bulls two rams and 14 unblemished male lambs in their first year i feel like adding a partridge in a pear tree but i won't are they

running out of bowls or something one last each day right yes it's counting down and do we is

there a particular reason why are so uh the math doesn't work here but this is describing in detail the 40 young the 40 bowls or not the 40 the 70 bowls 70 bowls that get offered at the feast of tabernacles we're talking about the feast of tabernacles right now okay so we're not they offer 70 bulls for the 70 nations but they don't offer them all at once they do it this way on the separate days right and so remember this is all part of a feast people are eating this so the idea is so the biggest day of the feast is actually the first day of the feast and then it tapers off yeah now where did i leave off was it the fifth day or the fourth day okay you're just jumping ahead it was probably the fourth on the fifth day you shall offer nine young bulls two rams and 14 unblemished male lambs in their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the young bulls the rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats is a sin offering in addition to the regular whole burn offering with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the sixth day you shall offer eight young bulls two rams and fourteen unblemished male lambs in their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the young bulls the rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats is a sin offering in addition to the regular whole burn offering with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the seventh day you shall offer seven bulls two rams and fourteen unblemished male lambs in their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the bulls the rams and the male lambs according to their number according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats as a sin offering in addition to the regular whole burn offering with their grain offerings and drink offerings on the eighth day you shall have the final day of the festival you shall do no service work on it you shall present whole burn offerings burn offerings as a sweet aroma to the Lord. One young bull, one ram, seven unblemished male lambs in their first year with their grain offerings and drink offerings for the bull, the ram, and the male lambs according to their number, according to their interpretation and one young male from the goats as a sin offering in addition to the regular burnt offerings with their grain offerings and drink offerings. These you shall offer to the Lord at your appointed feasts in addition to your vows and voluntary offerings as well as your whole burn offerings your grain offerings your drink offerings and your peace offerings so this is this has set out the main cycles right daily weekly monthly annual cycle right and then in addition to that there are what the king james version called free will offerings right voluntary offerings offerings that go above and beyond this right so vows which we're about

to talk about the next chapter so i won't go too into much of that now but just other offerings that you offer because you want to offer god an offering right um thank offerings for different things that happen right good things happen you want to give thanks uh peace offerings meaning you've sinned you've repented right there but it's like a particular sin right so we have these sin offerings that are just for the sins of the people in general right but then there's i i did something i've now repented of it and done the prescribed course of repentance and so now i go and bring a peace offering as the end of that process right to celebrate the restoration of communion between me and the people and me and god right so all of those are then over and above the regular cycle and so now we'll talk a little more about the whole uh vows part now remember this is being offered for the whole nation it's not each of you is going to offer this right right but i mean

when you add the like individual and all that um but is this a situation too where it's like we have to take into account that they're traveling and they're probably not doing any of that yeah Until it's set up, is that kind of...

Well, all the offerings I just listed are going to become... It's not going to be the people bringing those. It's pretty much going to be the...

king supplying those once we get into the history of israel right now at this point they're all living in a camp so all of their livestock are kind of pooled together yeah but in the future it's going to be the king who's providing this stuff right or a collection of the elders of the people right it's it's not like okay well tell bob over there the tribe of manasseh to bring us one of the lambs and tell this guy now if it's your own personal stuff that's going to be you bringing your own personal stuff that's why for example the offerings that get offered when you have a firstborn son right remember when we read that it said you bring this unless you can't afford that right it works away because that's a personal thing that's just that family right whereas these things that are for the it's an offering on behalf of the whole nation right yeah then that kind of stuff is going to be surprised supplied by the leaders of the nation which eventually is going to be the king that's part of their responsibility i just think about

the daily like that's a lot it seems like yeah i guess when you think about like how much food that is in like a supermarket or something how much oh yeah yeah it's nothing compared to what we

i mean just cattle like the number of cattle that are slaughtered every day in the united states is insane compared to even when you get into the 70 bowls over the course of a week there's a lot more than 70 cattle slaughtered oh yeah like in a week and right just just for texas supermarkets let alone right get the whole um yeah yeah so yeah so there's this this cycle going on right all the time around the temple and then people connect with that right at various points and that's a mirror of the understanding that the worship of god is going on all the time in heaven like continuously right and so the worship of the temple that's following these cycles those cycles are an imitation of that sort of eternal right and so they're the mirror of that they're the image the icon of that on earth right and so people then connecting with what's going on continually at the temple is them connecting with the worship of god that's going on in heaven part of what's transformed in christian worship right besides just all of us going into the part where only the priests were allowed to go previously right is that we're all that that middleman is cut out essentially in that we're not connecting to the icon that is connected to the worship in heaven we are now all of us able to come and in liturgy connect with the worship of god that's going on in heaven that's why there's so much talk in the liturgy about angels being around us and saints being around us and all of this right because for the priests and the levites right they were what they were doing in these cycles was connected to that eternal worship in heaven. And then other people connected through them, right? Now we are coming into the place where only the priests could go. And so we're connecting directly with the eternal worship of

heaven. Listen next time as Father Stephen DeYoung continues his study of the scriptures on the whole counsel of God. Father Stephen's email address is wholecouncil at ancientfaith.com. That's wholecouncil at ancientfaith.com.